I watched a movie the other night in which a revered contagious disease specialist facing a lethal epidemic delivered a line to a nervous patient that made my own skin crawl. It was something along the lines of: "That's not my area of expertise, but I'll refer a doctor."

Ugh. Apparently no one is immune to bad grammar, not even the upper echelon of Hollywood scriptwriters.

Refer and recommend have different meanings:

Refer is to direct to a source for help or information. You refer a person to something, and this action constitutes a referral.

Recommend is to endorse. You recommend something to a person, and this action constitutes a recommendation.

Here are some examples of correct usage:

The doctor referred his patient to a specialist.

  • The doctor recommended a specialist to his patient.
  • My doctor gave me a referral to see a specialist.
  • My doctor's recommendation to see that specialist saved my life.
  • Can anyone refer me to a good realtor in Los Angeles?
  • Can anyone recommend a good realtor in Los Angeles?
  • My yoga teacher referred my mom to an amazing acupuncturist.
  • My yoga teacher recommended an amazing acupuncturist to my mom.

People often get these usages mixed up, which is understandable, but if you want to be taken seriously as a writer, it's important to know the difference. After all, you want people to recommend your work to their friends, just as you want your friends to refer you to great ways to promote your work.

-Maria

Maria Murnane is the best-selling author of the romantic comedies Perfect on Paper and It's a Waverly Life. Her third novel, Honey on Your Mind, will be released in July 2012. She also provides consulting services on book publishing and marketing. Learn more at www.mariamurnane.com.

This blog post originally appeared on CreateSpace.com. Reprinted with permission. © 2012 CreateSpace, a DBA of On-Demand Publishing, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Comment by Nancy Miller on June 14, 2012 at 1:35pm

Ha! You see, kids? Refurred has other meanings that are significant to dog lovers!

But yes, this drives me insane, too, Emily. It gets cumbersome to keep saying "he or she" and using only plurals is not always appropriate, either, but you're right that it creates a pronoun antecedent agreement issue. If you say "driver," then you do need to say "he or she" if you are referring (not refurring) back to him. Or them.


Oh, shoot me now! Why didn't I go into real estate when I had the chance!

Comment by Emily Kennedy on June 14, 2012 at 12:54pm

I have read that grammar rules have changed, but in the byline to this story, the writer uses "coworker" and the pronoun "their" together.  Also "driver" and "their."  I know "he or she" is tedious, but the third person plural is plural.  I just can't embrace this current acceptance of "their."  It drives me nuts.  Sorry!

Comment by S. Connell Vondrak on June 14, 2012 at 11:25am
Yeah! And, don't even start with the miss use of refurred. As my dog really needs to be refurred
Comment by Nancy Miller on June 14, 2012 at 10:50am

This really speaks, Maria, to how imprecise our language is becoming. As an English instructor, I've always seen my role as being that of a guardian of civilization, so to speak, so this is a subject close to my heart. We do use words interchangeably and they of course are not. Even words that are similar in meaning are not identical. To describe the "cat's eyes as gleaming," and the "cat's eyes as shining" are different descriptions, though they are similar. Gleaming evokes associations to hunting or stalking, perhaps, as the cat's eyes gleam when they spot a mouse. Shining has a more lyrical connotation and evokes images of being wide awake in the moonlight, maybe, or the look a cat has when she is being stroked.

Being precise in choosing the best word for one's purpose is paramount for writers! Great topic.

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